20 research outputs found
Detailed analysis of the lattice Boltzmann method on unstructured grids
The lattice Boltzmann method has become a standard for efficiently solving
problems in fluid dynamics. While unstructured grids allow for a more efficient
geometrical representation of complex boundaries, the lattice Boltzmann methods
is often implemented using regular grids. Here we analyze two implementations
of the lattice Boltzmann method on unstructured grids, the standard forward
Euler method and the operator splitting method. We derive the evolution of the
macroscopic variables by means of the Chapman-Enskog expansion, and we prove
that it yields the Navier-Stokes equation and is first order accurate in terms
of the temporal discretization and second order in terms of the spatial
discretization. Relations between the kinetic viscosity and the integration
time step are derived for both the Euler method and the operator splitting
method. Finally we suggest an improved version of the bounce-back boundary
condition. We test our implementations in both standard benchmark geometries
and in the pore network of a real sample of a porous rock.Comment: 42 page
Observation of Motion Dependent Nonlinear Dispersion with Narrow Linewidth Atoms in an Optical Cavity
As an alternative to state-of-the-art laser frequency stabilisation using
ultra-stable cavities, it has been proposed to exploit the non-linear effects
from coupling of atoms with a narrow transition to an optical cavity. Here we
have constructed such a system and observed non-linear phase shifts of a narrow
optical line by strong coupling of a sample of strontium-88 atoms to an optical
cavity. The sample temperature of a few mK provides a domain where the Doppler
energy scale is several orders of magnitude larger than the narrow linewidth of
the optical transition. This makes the system sensitive to velocity dependent
multi-photon scattering events (Dopplerons) that affect the cavity field
transmission and phase. By varying the number of atoms and the intra-cavity
power we systematically study this non-linear phase signature which displays
roughly the same features as for much lower temperature samples. This
demonstration in a relatively simple system opens new possibilities for
alternative routes to laser stabilization at the sub 100 mHz level and
superradiant laser sources involving narrow line atoms. The understanding of
relevant motional effects obtained here has direct implications for other
atomic clocks when used in relation with ultranarrow clock transitions.Comment: 9 pages (including 4 pages of Supplemental Information), 6 figures.
Updated to correspond to the published versio
Simulating anomalous dispersion in porous media using the unstructured lattice Boltzmann method
Flow in porous media is a significant challenge to many computational fluid dynamics methods because of the complex boundaries separating pore fluid and host medium. However, the rapid development of the lattice Boltzmann methods and experimental imaging techniques now allow us to efficiently and robustly simulate flows in the pore space of porous rocks. Here we study the flow and dispersion in the pore space of limestone samples using the unstructured, characteristic based off-lattice Boltzmann method. We use the method to investigate the anomalous dispersion of particles in the pore space. We further show that the complex pore network limits the effectivity by which pollutants in the pore space can be removed by continuous flushing. In the smallest pores, diffusive transport dominates over advective transport and therefore cycles of flushing and no flushing, respectively, might be a more efficient strategy for pollutant removal
Predicting distresses using deep learning of text segments in annual reports
Corporate distress models typically only employ the numerical financial
variables in the firms' annual reports. We develop a model that employs the
unstructured textual data in the reports as well, namely the auditors' reports
and managements' statements. Our model consists of a convolutional recurrent
neural network which, when concatenated with the numerical financial variables,
learns a descriptive representation of the text that is suited for corporate
distress prediction. We find that the unstructured data provides a
statistically significant enhancement of the distress prediction performance,
in particular for large firms where accurate predictions are of the utmost
importance. Furthermore, we find that auditors' reports are more informative
than managements' statements and that a joint model including both managements'
statements and auditors' reports displays no enhancement relative to a model
including only auditors' reports. Our model demonstrates a direct improvement
over existing state-of-the-art models
Finite-element lattice Boltzmann simulations of contact line dynamics
The lattice Boltzmann method has become a standard technique for simulating a
wide range of fluid flows. However, the intrinsic coupling of momentum and
space discretization restricts the traditional lattice Boltzmann method to
regular lattices. Alternative off-lattice Boltzmann schemes exist for both
single- and multiphase flows that decouple the velocity discretization from the
underlying spatial grid. The current study extends the applicability of these
off-lattice methods by introducing a finite element formulation that enables
simulating contact line dynamics for partially wetting fluids. This work
exemplifies the implementation of the scheme and furthermore presents benchmark
experiments that show the scheme reduces spurious currents at the liquid-vapor
interface by two orders of magnitude compared to a nodal implementation and
allows for predicting the equilibrium states accurately in the range of
moderate contact angles.Comment: 8 page